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Architecture

In-Depth Analysis of System Architecture#

The overall architecture of the BirdLayer protocol consists of a series of precisely coordinated on-chain contracts and off-chain service components, designed to achieve the capture, parsing, secure execution, and final confirmation of user directives.

1. Core On-Chain Components#

Directive Registry Contract#

  • Deployed on each supported source chain, serving as the standardized entry point for users to submit cross-chain directives.
  • Responsible for receiving user-specified cross-chain parameters (such as asset type, amount, source chain, target chain, recipient address, etc.), and temporarily escrowing or locking the user's deposited assets.
  • Generates a globally unique directive ID and triggers the standardized UserDirectiveSubmitted event for off-chain services to monitor.
  • This contract is typically designed to be lightweight to optimize Gas consumption and interaction speed.

Transactional Vault / Operational EOA#

  • Serves as the direct entry point for users to deposit assets to be cross-chained on the source chain, usually implemented as a specially designed EOA account or lightweight contract.
  • Its design prioritizes transaction processing speed and Gas efficiency, making it suitable for high-frequency, small-scale daily user deposits.
  • Operates independently from the main treasury to reduce potential security impacts on the main treasury from small-scale operations.

Primary Reserve Vault / Multi-Signature Treasury#

  • Managed according to the industry's highest security standards using multi-signature wallets (such as enhanced implementations based on Gnosis Safe), serving as the core storage unit for large-scale funds in the BirdLayer protocol.
  • All asset transfer operations initiated from the main reserve vault must meet a preset M-of-N signature threshold, requiring joint authorization from a decentralized group of trusted governance participants, significantly enhancing the fund's risk resistance and anti-theft capabilities.
  • Funds in the main reserve vault are primarily used for final settlement and compensation of Value Transmission Nodes that advance assets for users on target chains.

Settlement and Clearing Contract#

  • Deployed on target chains, responsible for verifying the validity of cross-chain requests from source chains (typically through cryptographic proofs or oracle information submitted by Value Transmission Nodes).
  • After successful verification, authorizes the release of corresponding assets from the main reserve vault or designated Value Transmission Node liquidity pools to the user's address on the target chain.
  • Records completed settlement events for subsequent auditing and reconciliation.

2. Core Off-Chain Services#

Directive Parsing & Routing Engine#

  • A complex off-chain service that continuously monitors UserDirectiveSubmitted events on each source chain.
  • Parses captured directives to understand user needs and dynamically calculates the optimal execution path and potential execution units (i.e., Value Transmission Nodes) based on current network conditions, liquidity distribution, Gas prices, and other factors.
  • This engine is the core of BirdLayer's "intelligent cross-chain" implementation.

Value Transmission Network / Execution Agent Network#

  • Composed of a group of independent, competitive off-chain operational units (Bots) that are the actual executors of the cross-chain process, i.e., Value Transmission Nodes.
  • These nodes pre-deploy liquidity on target chains. When monitoring profitable user directives (distributed by the routing engine or independently discovered), they compete to advance assets for users on the target chain.
  • After successful advancement, nodes submit relevant proofs to the source chain's settlement mechanism to claim the user's deposited assets and potential additional incentives.
  • Value Transmission Nodes must stake a certain amount of assets as collateral to prevent malicious behavior and ensure the idempotency of their operations, avoiding double-spending.

Decentralized Oracle & Validator Network#

  • Responsible for securely and reliably transmitting state proofs and critical data across heterogeneous chains.
  • For transactions requiring cross-chain verification (e.g., confirming the finality of source chain deposits), BirdLayer relies on a decentralized oracle network or a group of independent validators that provide multi-party confirmation of source chain events and securely submit results to target chain contracts.
  • In optimistic verification mode, oracles primarily monitor and submit fraud proofs during the challenge period.

State Monitoring & Auditing Archive Service#

  • A highly available off-chain database system that aggregates and indexes all BirdLayer protocol-related events occurring on-chain in real-time (such as user directive submissions, asset locks, Value Transmission Node advancements, final settlements, etc.).
  • Provides real-time transaction status query interfaces for frontend applications and users to track their cross-chain progress.
  • Regularly performs cross-validation and reconciliation with on-chain data, generating audit reports to ensure system state consistency and fund integrity. This service is key to achieving transparency and traceability.